Interleukin 2 Receptor, Alpha

Alternative Names

  • IL2RA
  • IL2 Receptor
  • IL2R
  • IL2R, Alpha Chain
  • T-Cell Growth Factor Receptor
  • TCGFR
  • TAC Antigen
  • CD25
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OMIM Number

147730

NCBI Gene ID

3559

Uniprot ID

P01589

Length

51,679 bases

No. of Exons

8

No. of isoforms

1

Protein Name

Interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha

Molecular Mass

30819 Da

Amino Acid Count

272

Genomic Location

chr10:6,010,688-6,062,366

Gene Map Locus
10p15.1

Description

The interleukin 2 (IL2) receptor alpha (IL2RA) and beta (IL2RB) chains, together with the common gamma chain (IL2RG), constitute the high-affinity IL2 receptor. Homodimeric alpha chains (IL2RA) result in low-affinity receptor, while homodimeric beta (IL2RB) chains produce a medium-affinity receptor. Normally an integral-membrane protein, soluble IL2RA has been isolated and determined to result from extracellular proteolyisis. Alternately-spliced IL2RA mRNAs have been isolated, but the significance of each is presently unknown. Mutations in this gene are associated with interleukin 2 receptor alpha deficiency. Patients with severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have significantly elevated levels of IL2R in their plasma. Similarly, serum IL-2R levels are found to be elevated in patients with different types of carcinomas. Certain IL2RA and IL2RB gene polymorphisms have been associated with lung cancer risk. [From RefSeq]

Molecular Genetics

The IL2RA gene spans a total length of 51 Kb with its eight exons on chromosome 10p15.1. The gene is expressed mainly by T cells, B lymphoblast lines, and peripheral blood monocytes. Splice variants of the mRNA have been observed. However, their significance is not clear. The protein coded for by the gene is a single pass type I membrane protein, which weighs close to 30 KDa with its 272 amino acids.

Epidemiology in the Arab World

View Map
Variant NameCountryGenomic LocationClinvar Clinical SignificanceCTGA Clinical Significance Condition(s)HGVS ExpressionsdbSNPClinvar
NC_000010.11:g.6068912C>AUnited Arab EmiratesNC_000010.11:g.6068912C>ABenignNC_000010.11:g.6068912C>A7090530
NC_000010.11:g.6081532C>TUnited Arab EmiratesNC_000010.11:g.6081532C>TAssociationType 1 Diabetes MellitusNC_000010.11:g.6081532C>T12251307

Other Reports

United Arab Emirates

In 2005, Galadari et al. studied serum level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor in 32 patients (21 males and 11 females) with vitiligo seen at Al Ain hospital in 2003. Fifteen healthy individuals were selected as control group. Serum level of slL-2R were significantly higher in vitiligo patients (112 +/- 129.2) than in healthy control (61.1 +/- 44.3 Pmol/L) P < 0.0001 and patients with short duration of the disease showed higher slL-2R serum levels.

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