Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is multicopy and maternally inherited. mtDNA is 16,500 basepairs long and codes for 37 genes including 13 polypeptides, 22 transfer RNAs (tRNA), and two ribosomal RNAs (rRNA). Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are key molecules in protein biosynthesis in all living organisms. They have specific structural properties allowing interactions with several partners such as their cognate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), elongation factor, mRNA or ribosome.