Bronchiectasis with or without Elevated Sweat Chloride 1

Alternative Names

  • BESC1
  • Cystic Fibrosis-Like Syndrome
  • Atypical Cystic Fibrosis
Back to search Result
WHO-ICD-10 version:2010

Diseases of the respiratory system

Chronic lower respiratory diseases

OMIM Number

211400

Mode of Inheritance

Autosomal Dominant

Gene Map Locus

16p12.2

Description

BESC1 is a progressive lung disorder that results in a phenotype closely resembling Cystic Fibrosis. However, affected individuals do not carry any mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis-associated CFTR gene. The condition is hence known as Cystic-Fibrosis like Syndrome or Atypical Cystic Fibrosis. It is characterized by chronic dilation of the bronchi (bronchiectasis) and chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes (bronchitis). Patients may exhibit elevated levels of sweat chloride resulting in episodes of hyponatremic dehydration. They may also have an increased nasal potential difference but with normal exocrine pancreatic function.

BESC1 follows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and is caused by mutations in the SCNN1B gene, which encodes the beta subunit of the epithelial sodium channel. A recent study has also suggested the role of CA12 gene mutations in developing a BESC1-like phenotype.

Epidemiology in the Arab World

View Map
Subject IDCountrySexFamily HistoryParental ConsanguinityHPO TermsVariantZygosityMode of InheritanceReferenceRemarks
211400.1United Arab EmiratesMaleYesYes Bronchiectasis; Recurrent respiratory in...NM_000336.2:c.616C>THeterozygous, HomozygousAutosomal, RecessiveAlsamri et al. 2020; Alsamri et al. 2021 Paternal uncles with...
211400.2United Arab EmiratesUnknown Recurrent pneumonia; Aspiration; Abnor...NM_000336.2:c.1402G>AHeterozygousAutosomal, DominantAlsamri et al. 2021
211400.3United Arab Emirates Chronic sinusitis; Failure to thriveNM_000336.2:c.1871G>AHeterozygousAutosomal, DominantAlsamri et al. 2021 Subject exhibiting t...

Other Reports

Oman

Lee et al. (2016) described a consanguineous Omani family with two children affected by elevated sweat chloride, infantile FTT, recurrent hyponatremia and bilateral hyperkeratosis of the heels. Genetic analysis identified a novel homozygous c.363C>A mutation in exon 4 of the CA12 gene of both patients. It segregated in an autosomal recessive pattern in the family and was predicted to result in a p.His121Gln substitution. Studies of the mutation along with a previously reported p.Glu143Lys variant found that while they did not affect CA12 protein localization, they resulted in a near complete loss of enzyme activity at physiologic concentrations of extracellular chloride. CA12 deleterious variants were also identified in a 25-year-old Caucasian female with elevated sweat chloride and pulmonary airway disease. Hence, while spirometry and chest X-rays of the Omani proband were normal, it was suggested that bronchiectasis might be present but was undetected due to lack of CT-scan analysis. This study highlighted the importance of screening for CA12 mutations in individuals that have CF-like features in the sweat gland and lung but no CFTR mutations.

© CAGS 2024. All rights reserved.