PKD2 is a renal disorder characterized by the presence of fluid-filled cysts on the kidney. This results in renal insufficiency, enlarged kidneys and recurrent urinary tract infections. Patients often suffer from high blood pressure, abdominal and back pain, headaches and blood in their urine. Some patients may also exhibit non-renal manifestations such as hepatic cysts, dextrocardia and subtle craniofacial defects. The autosomal dominant form of polycystic kidney disease affects 1 in 500-1000 individuals. It has a later onset, with symptoms appearing in adulthood, compared to the autosomal recessive form which affects children. PKD is a progressive disorder and about half of all affected individuals develop end-stage renal disease by 70 years of age. The condition does not appear to have an ethnic or gender bias.
Imaging studies such as ultrasounds and MRI analysis help diagnose the disorder. While there is currently no cure for the condition, supportive and symptomatic treatment is available. Patients benefit from a low sodium diet, diuretics to remove excess fluid and surgery to drain cysts. Drugs to reduce blood pressure and relieve pain are also administered, as well as antibiotics for urinary tract infections. In the case of renal failure, patients require dialysis or kidney transplants.