Martsolf Syndrome

Alternative Names

  • Cataract-Mental Retardation-Hypogonadism
  • Microcephaly- Mental Retardation- Cataracthypogonadism Syndrome
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WHO-ICD-10 version:2010

Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities

Other congenital malformations

OMIM Number

212720

Mode of Inheritance

Autosomal recessive

Gene Map Locus

1q41

Description

Martsolf syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that is characterized by the association of severe mental retardation, cataract, and hypogonadism. Other anomalies presented in some patients with Martsolf syndrome include short stature, "old looking" face, mottled retina, minor digital abnormalities, microcephaly, narrow hands and feet, hypertelorism, cardiomyopathy, and cardiac failure. This condition is more prevalent among Jewish than other ethnic groups.

Martsolf syndrome is found to be familial. In three reported families, the parents of the affected sibs were consanguineous, which indicates an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Some families have shown mutations in the RAB3 GTPase activating protein subunit 2 (non-catalytic) [RAB3GAP2] gene, which is thought to have an important role in neurodevelopment.

Epidemiology in the Arab World

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Other Reports

Egypt

Shawky et al. (2005) described a 15-year-10-month-old female representing characteristic features of Martsolf syndrome. Her parents were first cousins and her young brother was normal. She had bad scholastic achievement. At the age of six years, she represented bilateral cataract extraction. On examination, she was short in stature, and she had subnormal mentality, receding forehead, hypertelorism, retromicrognathia, and clinodactyly. Her bone age corresponded to ten years. Ultrasound revealed small ovaries and uterus. FSH and LH levels were elevated, whereas estradiol level was below normal.

[Shawky RM, El-Sedfy HH, Mouharam W. Martsolf Syndrome. Egyptian J Med Hum Genet. 2005; 6(2):213-6.]

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