Congenital factor XIII (FXIII) deficiency is a rare inherited or acquired bleeding disorder, initially known as Duckert in 1960 with an estimated prevalence of 1/2,000,000 and an estimated incidence of 1/5,000,000 births. It is described as frequent hemorrhagic diathesis correlated with spontaneous abortions, defective wound healing, and results from reduced levels and activity of FXIII which is engaged in stabilizing the blood clot formation. It affects both genders and all ethnic groups equally and can reveal itself at any age; however, it appears more frequently throughout infancy. About 80% of FXIII deficiency patients suffer from umbilical stump bleeding, 25-30% experience intracranial hemorrhage, 20% endure hemarthroses, soft tissue bleeding, bruising, and recurrent spontaneous abortions. The majority of cases tolerate 12-36 hrs of belated hemorrhages following trauma or surgery and subjects might experience reduced wound healing. FXIII deficiency is diagnosed through the quantitative FXIII activity measurement, antigen assays, and the clot solubility analysis (in case of FXIII deficiency a stable clot over 24 hrs is revealed). Differential diagnosis generally consists of the other congenital coagulation factor deficiencies including fibrinogen, factors II, V, VII, X, XI, VIII, and IX. Additionally, antenatal diagnosis is employed when a causal mutation is detected earlier in the family. The bleedings are treated with factor XIII concentrates or fresh frozen plasma, while recurrent bleedings like intracranial hemorrhage are treated and prevented through prophylactic therapy with FXIII concentrate.