Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia, Type I

Alternative Names

  • MEN1
  • MEN I
  • Endocrine Adenomatosis, Multiple
  • MEA I
  • Wermer Syndrome
  • MEN1 Somatic Mutations

Associated Genes

Menin 1
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WHO-ICD-10 version:2010

Neoplasms

Neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behaviour

OMIM Number

131100

Mode of Inheritance

Autosomal dominant

Gene Map Locus

11q13.1

Description

Multiple endocrine neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1) is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited form of cancer.  It is characterized by the development of neuroendocrine tumors of the parathyroid, pancreas, and anterior pituitary gland.  However, it is less commonly associated with cancer of the adrenal cortical gland.  Some patients with MEN1 may have tumors not related to the adrenal glands.  Affected individuals present with primary hyperparathyroidism (90%) followed by pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (35-75%).  Other signs include hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia.  The disease affects both sexes equally, and the penetrance is 94% by the age of 50.  

The diagnosis is based on the presence of two endocrine tumors in addition to biochemical and genetic testing. Annual screening is recommended for the patients and at-risk family members.  Treatment approach is oriented to a specific tumor that present in affected individual. 

MEN1 is caused by inactivating mutations in the MEN1 gene which is located on the long arm of chromosome 11.  MEN1 gene encodes the menin protein, which functions as a tumor suppressor.  This protein is widely expressed in endocrine and nonendocrine tissues.  Loss of function of menin leads to abnormal cell division and cancer development in sites where this protein is abundant.  Several mutations have been reported in the MEN1 gene.

Epidemiology in the Arab World

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Subject IDCountrySexFamily HistoryParental ConsanguinityHPO TermsVariantZygosityMode of InheritanceReferenceRemarks
131100.1.1United Arab EmiratesMaleYesYes Prolactinoma; Decreased response to grow...NM_000244.3:c.789G>AHeterozygousAutosomal, DominantGan et al. 2015
131100.1.2United Arab EmiratesFemaleYes Macroprolactinoma; Primary hyperparathyr...NM_000244.3:c.789G>AHeterozygousAutosomal, DominantGan et al. 2015 Maternal grandmother...
131100.2United Arab EmiratesMaleYesYes Primary hyperparathyroidism; Increased c...NM_001370259.2:c.784-9G>AHeterozygous, HomozygousAutosomal, DominantChen Cardenas et al. 2020
131100.1.G.1United Arab EmiratesYes Nephrolithiasis; Primary hyperparathyroi...NM_000244.3:c.789G>AHeterozygousAutosomal, DominantGan et al. 2015 5 relatives of 13110...

Other Reports

Saudi Arabia

Raef et al. (2011) described a large Saudi family with MEN1.  Seven out of ten siblings presented with hyperparathyroidism, pituitary adenomas, adrenal adenomas and pancreatic endocrine tumours.  Parents were non consanguineous.  The father was affected with adrenal tumours while the mother and three siblings of the affected patients were normal.  Raef et al. (2011) identified a novel monoallelic deletion of 5 kb genomic DNA involving the promoter and exons 1 and 2 of MEN1 gene.  A long-term periodic assessment was recommended for the positive cases.  

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