The SIAH1 gene encodes a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase belonging to the Seven in Absentia Homolog (SIAH) family. The enzyme carries out the ubiquitination of a wide variety of targets, either by direct binding or by acting as the essential RING domain subunit for larger E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes. By carrying out its function, the protein marks its targets for proteasomal degradation. Target substrates of SIAH1 include transcription regulators such as ELL2, MYB, POU2AF1, PML and RBBP8, the signal transduction molecules TIEG1 and NUMB, the cell surface receptor DCC and the anti-aopoptotic protein BAG1. It also ubiquitinates SYP, a protein involved in synaptic vesicle function in neurons. The protein is thus involved in the regulation of several key biological processes such as apoptosis, axon guidance, cell cycle, spermatogenesis and nervous system development.