Megarbane et al. 2002d reported on monozygotic twin brothers exhibiting intellectual disability, short stature, macrocephaly, brachydactyly, clinodactyly, cryptorchidism, and prelingual sensorineural deafness. One of the brothers passed away from a cradiac arrest following acute respiratory infection. A cryptic chromosomal rearrangement involving a partial 6p trisomy and partial 11q monosomy was identified in the surviving brother. The father exhibited a balanced reciprocal translocation.

Delague et al. 2006 screened for subtelomeric rearrangements in 45 patients from 34 independent families, exhibiting intellectual disability with normal karyotype and negative biochemical tests. The patients exhibited one or more of the following: growth abnormalities, dysmorphic features, and/or malformations. 85 fluorescently labelled STR markers were genotyped in each patient and their parents. 5 cryptic rearrangements were identified, 3 of which were confirmed using FISH.

Haddad et al. 2009 reported on a female patient with mild intellectual disability and dysmorphic features. A de novo balanced translocation t(5;18)(q21.3;q21.32) was identified in the patient. The tyrosine kinase gene FER was identified as a candidate gene at the translocation break point; however molecular analysis and RT-qPCR showed that the gene was uninterrupted by the break and showed no modififed expression in lymphoblastoid cell cultures. 

Makrythanasis et al. (2014) studied 50 families using WES analysis to diagnose patients with recessive disorders. The cohort included a Lebanese family with syndromic ID and developmental delay and  another with syndromic ID and neurological deficit. 

Choucair et al. (2015) studied a cohort of 149 Lebanese patients with Intellectual disability or develomental delay and identified a total of 20 pathogenic and six likely pathogenic CNVs.